CS Water Systems proprietary cartridges use kinetic energy to alter heating system (and cooling system) water’s physical properties in order to make heating and cooling operations more energy efficient. Using the cartridges in both open and closed water loops will reduce the overall energy consumption of all of the equipment that is associated with the affected water circuits in a building or facility. When the cartridges are exposed to water, they reduce the surface tension, improve thermal exchange, weaken hydrogen bonding between H₂O molecules and lower the Specific Heat Capacity of water. Laboratory testing shows a significant reduction of the Specific Heat Capacity of Water samples the technology has been applied to.

When heating equipment is being used to inject or extract heat from water circuits, a great deal of energy delivered to the water is absorbed by the hydrogen bonds between H₂O molecules, as water has the highest Specific Heat Capacity of any liquid. This means that water can absorb a significant volume of energy before that energy causes the temperature of the water to change. This is why it takes a long time for a pot of water to boil, and why a body of water such as a swimming pool or the sea doesn’t cool down drastically overnight when the sun goes down and air temperature reduces.
When the cartridges are exposed to water, the hydrogen bonding between molecules is weakened and the Specific Heat Capacity of water is lowered. This creates an environment that results in heating equipment being able to achieve the same heating or cooling task than before the cartridges were installed but with less output and demand. This increases equipment capacity and reduces energy consumption.